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The cold chain is the set of processes, equipment and working methods that keeps temperature-sensitive products within their defined range throughout storage and transport. For many vaccines and biological medicines, that range is typically between 2 and 8 °C.
Why temperature excursions matter
Exposure to temperatures outside the recommended range, even briefly, can affect a product's stability and effectiveness. These changes are not always visible, which is why continuous monitoring and accurate documentation matter so much.
The building blocks of a reliable cold chain
- Suitable, calibrated storage and transport equipment
- Validated packaging that holds temperature along the route
- Continuous temperature monitoring and recording
- Clear procedures for handling temperature excursions
- Regular training for everyone who handles the products
The role of cooperation across the supply chain
A cold chain never depends on a single link. Suppliers, carriers, distributors and the final destination each play a part in preserving quality, and coordination between them is the core condition for delivering medicines safely.



